Business activity increases across all nations and regions in May
Latest Regional PMI® survey data from NatWest showed a broad-based increase in business activity across the UK in May, with growth being recorded simultaneously in all 12 nations and regions monitored for the first time in more than a year. At the same, there was a universal easing of cost inflation, which had spiked in April following the changes to the National Minimum Wage. Business expectations were generally positive, but trends in employment remained more mixed.
The PMI Business Activity Index is the first fact-based indicator of regional economic health published each month, tracking the monthly change in the output of goods and services across the private sector. A reading above 50 signals growth, and the further above the 50 level the faster the expansion signalled.
Growth of business activity in May was strongest in Northern Ireland*, where output expanded at a sharp and accelerated rate (index at 56.4), followed by Scotland (55.2). At the other end of the scale, Yorkshire & Humber (50.5) saw activity increase for the first time since January, albeit marginally.
Demand
Demand conditions improved almost across the board in May. Northern Ireland recorded the most marked increase in new business by far, registering its strongest growth since February 2022. A renewed – albeit marginal – expansion in Yorkshire & Humber meant that the East of England was the only area to see a further decline in new work.
Capacity
Labour market performances continued to vary across the UK, with just over half of the monitored nations and regions recording a rise in employment. Job creation was led by Northern Ireland for the third month in a row, with the North West and Scotland close behind. The South West meanwhile posted the steepest fall in workforce numbers – its largest for over three years.
Only two areas recorded a rise in backlogs of work in May, signalling a general lack of pressure on business capacity. Furthermore, the increases seen in London and Scotland were only marginal. The steepest drop in outstanding businesses was recorded in Wales, where the rate of depletion was the quickest since February.
Prices
Business costs rose more slowly in every nation and region in May, following a spike in inputs prices in April linked to the change in the National Minimum Wage. Firms in Northern Ireland recorded the largest overall rise in operating expenses, while those in the West Midlands recorded the smallest (albeit one that was still notable).
There was a tendency for average prices charged for goods and services to rise at a slower rate in May. The South East recorded the strongest output price inflation, but it was one of just three areas where the rate ticked up from the month before. The other two were Northern Ireland and the North West, although the latter nevertheless posted the slowest rise.
Outlook
The West Midlands recorded the highest overall degree of optimism towards future activity for the ninth time in the past 11 months. It was one of seven areas where sentiment strengthened since April. Despite also seeing confidence improve from the month before, Scotland registered at the bottom of the rankings for the second month running.
* PMI survey coverage in Northern Ireland includes construction and retail, as well as manufacturing and services.
Sebastian Burnside, NatWest chief economist, commented: “Although growth slowed at the UK level in May, this masked a more balanced performance geographically as business activity rose in all nations and regions for the first time in over a year.
“The month’s standout performers were Northern Ireland and Scotland, where rates of expansion went against the trend and accelerated. London has been leading the recovery up to now, but growth in the capital lost some momentum in May and was more aligned with the overall UK rate.
“Cost inflation receded across the UK in May, after the changes to the national minimum wage had caused it to spike in April. Nevertheless, with these higher wages already baked in and cost of living pressures continuing to drive up salary demands more generally, we’re seeing some reticence among businesses when it comes to hiring.
“The lack of employment growth in some areas doesn’t appear to be a confidence issue, with May’s survey highlighting optimism towards growth prospects across all of the UK’s nations and regions. Business activity is generally expected to rise over the next 12 months, helped not least by a potential tailwind from lower interest rates.”
