UK PMI surveys show muted rebound in April, growth at third-lowest since EU referendum
Commentary on this month’s UK PMI survey results, Markit expert Chris Williamson, said:
Business activity picked up only modestly in April after being disrupted by heavy snowfall in March, according to the latest PMI data, indicating that the rate of economic growth remained subdued at the start of the second quarter.
The April survey also brought signs that jobs growth has slowed and inflationary pressures have eased, suggesting that policymakers will back away from any imminent hiking of interest rates. Any further slowing will also raise questions as to whether the November rate hike may have been ill-timed.
Muted rebound from snow-hit March
The expansion signalled by the April IHS Markit/CIPS PMI surveys was the third-weakest since the immediate fall-out from the Brexit vote in August 2016. At 53.2, the ‘all-sector’ output index failed to recover the ground lost in March, when the PMI sank to 51.9 from 54.2 in February, underscoring how the economy has slowed since late last year. The latest index reading is historically consistent with the economy growing at a quarterly rate of around 0.2% at the start of the second quarter.
While anecdotal evidence collected from surveyed companies indicated that the weak PMI numbers in March were in part attributable to business being disrupted by heavy snowfall, no such adverse factors were reported in April. The surveys have instead indicated that sales, investment and hiring are being hit by uncertainty about the economic outlook as well as sluggish domestic demand, notably among consumers.
Services growth accelerated but, after March’s low, was the second-weakest for over one-and-a-half years. Within services, the worst performances were again seen in consumer-facing parts of the economy, notably hotels and restaurants. The strongest expansion was seen in financial services. The weak services data follow news that manufacturing lost further momentum in April, with output rising at the second-slowest rate for just over a year. The brightest news came from the construction sector, which saw the largest monthly output rise since November, albeit after an especially sharp decline in March.
Jobs growth hit by subdued order books
Job creation meanwhile slipped to the lowest since January 2017, weakening across the board as businesses scaled back expansion plans.
The slippage in employment growth in part reflected a renewed drop in order book backlogs in both manufacturing and services, which indicated that existing capacity was more than sufficient to cope with current inflows of work. While new business inflows picked up slightly from March’s 20-month low, the rise was the second-weakest since the slump in demand seen in the aftermath of the Brexit vote.
Cooling price pressures
The surveys also indicate how price pressures have continued to cool, albeit with the rates of increase remaining elevated by historical standards. Average input costs showed the smallest rise since July 2016, while selling prices rose at the weakest rate for eight months. Both measures have eased markedly since the highs of late last year, but the still-elevated readings suggest that the downward trajectory of consumer price inflation may prove only gradual, especially with the recent rise in oil prices likely to exert upward pressure in coming months. However, the signal from the PMI surveys is that core price pressures are cooling amid sluggish demand and the waning impact of the weakened pound.
Looser policy bias signalled
Two of the Bank of England’s nine Monetary Policy Committee members voted for higher interest rates at the April policy meeting, raising the odds of policy being tightened at the May meeting to a near certainty at one point. However, since then disappointing GDP numbers, weaker than expected inflation data and relatively subdued survey indicators for April have fuelled expectations that the Bank will pull-back from hiking. The lack of rebound in the services survey will further add to expectations that the MPC will take its finger firmly off the rate hike trigger.
Historical comparisons with monetary policy decisions in fact suggest that the current all-sector PMI reading is more consistent with an easing rather than tightening bias, though is not yet low enough to be in territory normally associated with interest rates being cut.
The speed with which the economy appears to have slowed and inflation cooled so far this year also raises questions regarding the November rate hike, which had been the first in a decade. As we noted at the time, that first rate hike since the global financial crisis was unusual, given the weakness of growth being signalled by the surveys. The all-sector PMI stood at 55.3 with an average of just 54.2 in the most recent three months.
Previous interest rates hikes (since 1999) had only occurred when the all-sector PMI had been above 56.5.